Consumo de bebida alcoólica por estudantes de medicina: um panorama global / Alcohol consumption by medical students: a global overview / Consumo de alcohol por estudiantes de medicina: una visión global

O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas representa um dos principais fatores de risco de envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Objetivou-se analisar o panorama geral de consumo de bebida alcoólica por estudantes de medicina e as implicações nos acidentes de trânsito. Foram consultadas as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e incluídos dez artigos completos disponíveis entre 2010 e 2022, em língua portuguesa e inglesa. Resultou que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos estudantes variou de 76,6% a 81,2%, e que ingerir bebidas alcoólicas expõe os motoristas ao envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito 68% maior do que os que não estão expostos a tal fator. Concluiu-se que os estudantes de medicina, população jovem, apresentam um alto índice de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, e os motivos envolvidos apontam para o nível de pressão do curso, alta carga horária, períodos do curso mais avançados, festas acadêmicas e morar sem os pais.

The consumption of alcoholic drinks represents one of the main risk factors for the involvement in traffic accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze the general panorama of alcohol consumption by medical students and the implications for traffic accidents. SciELO, PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases were consulted, and ten full articles available between 2010 and 2022, in Portuguese and English, were included. The results obtained were that the consumption of alcoholic drinks by students ranged from 76.6% to 81.2%, and that alcohol drinking exposes drivers to involvement in 68% more traffic accidents than those who are not exposed to such factor. It was concluded that medical students, a young population, have a high rate of consumption of alcoholic beverages, and the reasons involved point to the level of pressure of the medical school, high workload, seniority in the program, academic parties, and living without the parents

El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas representa uno de los principales factores de riesgo de implicación en accidentes de tráfico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el panorama del consumo de alcohol por los estudiantes de medicina y las implicaciones en los accidentes de tránsito. Se consultaron las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y se incluyeron diez artículos completos disponibles entre 2010 y 2022, en portugués e inglés. Los resultados obtenidos fueran que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas osciló entre 76,6% y 81,2%, y que el expone a los conductores a involucrarse en accidentes de tráfico un 68% más que aquellos que non están expuestos a tal factor. Se concluyó que los estudiantes de medicina, una población joven, tienen un alto índice de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, y los motivos involucrados apuntan para el nivel de presión del curso, alta carga horaria, períodos más avanzados del curso, fiestas académicas y morar sin los padres

Fatores associados às atitudes acerca da morte em estudantes internos de Medicina / Factors associated with attitudes towards death in Medical intern students

Resumo Introdução: O curso de Medicina constitui uma jornada de formação profissional exigente, acentuando-se nos dois últimos anos, no período do internato. Ocorre a exposição a inúmeros fatores estressantes, como o contato com a morte. O morrer envolve aspectos biológicos, sociais, culturais, legais, religiosos e históricos, mas, na medicina, é visto como ato de falha médica por causa da ausência de treinamento para manejá-lo. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados às atitudes perante a morte em estudantes internos de Medicina. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal analítico com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados de modo digital a estudantes internos de Medicina de todo país. Utilizaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: um questionário sociodemográfico e de aspectos relacionados à vivência com a morte e a Escala de Avaliação do Perfil de Atitudes acerca da Morte (EAPAM). Resultado: A amostra investigada foi de 171 internos de Medicina, sendo 74,9% do sexo feminino, 45% da religião católica e idade média de 24 anos. No fator medo da morte, houve maior escore nos estudantes de religião católica (p = 0,0395) e nos que não se consideraram preparados para lidar com a morte (p = 0,0010). No fator evitar a morte, maior escore no estado civil casado (p = 0,0147) e nos estudantes que não se consideraram preparados para lidar com a morte (p = 0,0020). Na aceitação por escape, maior escore nos estudantes de religião protestante (p = 0,0270), nos que referiram ter atendido paciente que faleceu (p = 0,0030) e nos que afirmaram que não se consideram empáticos (p = 0,0261). Na aceitação neutra, maior escore nos estudantes adeptos de outras religiões (p = 0,0296) e nos que afirmaram ter orientação sexual homoafetiva (p = 0,0398). Na aceitação religiosa, maior escore nos estudantes do sexo feminino (p = 0,0490), de estado civil casado (p = 0,0006), de religião protestante (p < 0,0001), com forte envolvimento religioso (p < 0,0001) e que atenderam paciente que veio a falecer (p = 0,0150). Conclusão: Assim, conclui-se que a abordagem biopsicossocial da morte no ambiente acadêmico é fundamental, haja vista a evidência encontrada em relação ao despreparo dos estudantes de Medicina do internato em relação a esse fenômeno.

Abstract Introduction: The medicine degree is a demanding journey of professional training, intensified in the final two years during the internship period. Students are exposed to numerous stressful factors, the most impactful of which is contact with death. Dying involves biological, social, cultural, legal, religious, and historical aspects, but when it comes to medicine, it is considered negligence, a failure caused by the lack of training. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the frame of mind of medical interns towards death. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The research was conducted through questionnaires applied digitally to medicine interns from all over Brazil. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and aspects related to living with death and, the other, the Profile Assessment Scale of Attitudes About Death (EAPAM). Results: The study sample consisted of 171 medical interns, of which 74.9% were female, 45% were Catholic, and had an average age of 24 years old. In the "fear of death" domain, there was a higher score among Catholic students (p=0.0395), who also did not consider themselves well-prepared to deal with death. For "death avoidance", there was a higher score among married students (p=0.0147), also those who did not consider themselves prepared to deal with death (p=0.0020). For "escape acceptance", there was a higher score among Protestant students (p=0.0270), those who reported having attended a patient who died (p=0.0030), and those who stated that they did not consider themselves empathetic (p=0.0261). For "neutral acceptance", there was a higher score among students adhering to other religions (p=0.0296) and those who claimed to have a homosexual orientation (p=0.0398). For "approach acceptance", there was a higher score among female students (p=0.0490), married students (p=0.0006), protestant students (p<0.0001), those with strong religious involvement (p<0.0001), and those who treated a patient that died (p = 0.0150). Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded that the biopsychosocial approach to death in the academic environment is fundamental, given the evidence found concerning the unpreparedness of medical students during internship in the face of this phenomenon.

Quality of life in Brazilian medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives Medical training negatively impacts the quality of life of students. Assessing the well-being of medical students could guide academic policies and future research for improving the mental and physical health status of the population at risk. This study aimed to identify the influence of medical training on the quality of life of Brazilian medical students. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane criteria and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol (PRISMA). The search was performed by two independent investigators using a predefined protocol registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42021237926). Data were extracted from PubMed, Embase, and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). For quantitative synthesis, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the mean difference in the quality of life between medical students at different stages in the academic cycle, stratified by sex. All data were analyzed using the random-effects model, with a confidence interval of 95% (95%CI). Results After evaluating the eligibility criteria, five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The data revealed that students in the pre-clinical cycle of the course exhibited higher quality of life scores in the physical (3.05 [1.48-4.62], p < 0.0001) and psychological (3.05 [0.80-5.30], p < 0.0001) domains than students in the clerkship cycle. No statistically significant differences were observed in the environmental (0.78 [-2.92-4.49], p = 0.68) or social domains (1.41 [-0.52-3.34], p = 0.15). Conclusion Our analysis revealed that the medical course is associated with decreased quality of life of medical students in the physical and psychological domains. This finding was observed in both men and women. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the study limitations. Registration number PROSPERO, CRD42021237926.

Problematization methodology's impact on nursing and medical students' knowledge about hypodermoclysis: quasi-experimental study / Impacto de la metodología de problematización en el conocimiento de estudiantes de enfermería y medicina sobre hipodermoclisis: estudio cuasiexperimental / Impacto da metodologia de problematização no conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem e medicina sobre hipodermóclise: estudo quase experimental

Objective: to analyze the problematization methodology impact on the knowledge of nursing and medical students about hypodermoclysis. Method: quasi-experimental study conducted with 22 undergraduate nursing and medical students from a public Brazilian higher education institution. The students participated in the educational intervention using the problematization methodology based on the Arch of Maguerez. A previously validated questionnaire was used to determin' the students' knowledge level about hypodermoclysis. This instrument was applied before and after the educational intervention. The results were compared by McNemar's test and Student's t test for paired samples. Results: when comparing the correct answers before and after the intervention, there was a significant increase in 75% of the questions (p<0.05), including theoretical and practical aspects of hypodermoclysis. The mean score on students' self-assessment of the ability to explain (0.9 versus 5.9 points) and perform hypodermoclysis (1.9 versus 5.0) was significantly higher after applying the problematization methodology (p<0.001). Conclusion: the problematization methodology had a positive impact on the students' knowledge about hypodermoclysis. The number of correct answers after the educational intervention was higher than the initial assessment. The problematization methodology can be incorporated into the teaching-learning process of nursing and medical students for teaching procedures such as hypodermoclysis.

Objetivo: analizar el impacto de la metodología de problematización en el conocimiento de estudiantes de enfermería y medicina sobre hipodermoclisis. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental realizado con 22 estudiantes de enfermería y medicina de una institución pública de educación superior brasileña. Los estudiantes participaron de la intervención educativa utilizando la metodología de problematización basada en el Arco de Maguerez. Se utilizó un cuestionario previamente validado para determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre la hipodermoclisis. Este instrumento se aplicó antes y después de la intervención educativa. Los resultados se compararon mediante la prueba de McNemar y la prueba t de Student para muestras pareadas. Resultados: al comparar las respuestas correctas antes y después de la intervención, se observó un aumento significativo en el 75% de las preguntas (p<0,05), que incluye aspectos teóricos y prácticos de la hipodermoclisis. El puntaje promedio en la autoevaluación de los estudiantes con respecto a su capacidad para explicar (0,9 versus 5,9 puntos) y realizar hipodermoclisis (1,9 versus 5,0) fue significativamente mayor después de aplicar la metodología de problematización (p<0,001). Conclusión: la metodología de problematización tuvo impacto positivo en el conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre la hipodermoclisis. El número de respuestas correctas luego de la intervención educativa fue mayor que en la evaluación inicial. La metodología de problematización puede incorporarse al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de estudiantes de enfermería y medicina para enseñar procedimientos como la hipodermoclisis.

Objetivo: analisar o impacto da metodologia de problematização no conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem e medicina sobre hipodermóclise. Método: estudo quase-experimental realizado com 22 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem e medicina de uma instituição pública de ensino superior brasileira. Os alunos participaram da intervenção educacional usando a metodologia de problematização baseada no Arco de Maguerez. Um questionário previamente validado foi usado para determinar o nível de conhecimento dos alunos sobre hipodermóclise. Esse instrumento foi aplicado antes e depois da intervenção educacional. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste de McNemar e pelo teste t de Student para amostras pareadas. Resultados: ao comparar as respostas corretas antes e depois da intervenção, houve um aumento significativo em 75% das questões (p<0,05), incluindo aspectos teóricos e práticos da hipodermóclise. A pontuação média na autoavaliação dos alunos quanto à capacidade de explicar (0,9 versus 5,9 pontos) e realizar a hipodermóclise (1,9 versus 5,0) foi significativamente maior após a aplicação da metodologia de problematização (p<0,001). Conclusão: a metodologia de problematização teve um impacto positivo no conhecimento dos alunos sobre hipodermóclise. O número de respostas corretas após a intervenção educacional foi maior do que na avaliação inicial. A metodologia de problematização pode ser incorporada ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes de enfermagem e medicina para o ensino de procedimentos como a hipodermóclise.

Una aplicación móvil de ayuda para estudiantes de epidemiología: evaluación preliminar de EpiApp

Introducción: Las aplicaciones móviles (Apps) están transformando las perspectivas de aprendizaje en entornos de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y usabilidad de EpiApp como herramienta de apoyo en la consulta y resolución de problemas de epidemiología comparada con métodos tradicionales (MT). Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó EpiApp usando una estructura metodológica. Se realizó un estudio experimental controlado y aleatorizado con dos grupos: EpiApp y MT. La fectividad se evaluó con un cuestionario estandarizado y la usabilida con la escala MARS. Resultados: Se aleatorizaron 176 estudiantes: EpiApp (n=88) y MT (n=88). El tiempo de respuesta fue menor para los usuarios de EpiApp (23,99 min [± DE 8,38] vs. 29,16 min [± DE 11,61], p = 0,005). No hubo diferencias en el número de respuestas correctas (p = 0,635), ni en la oportunidad de aprobar el cuestionario (p = 0,054). La usabilidad fue buena (MARS > 4). Discusión: Las Apps móviles tienen un gran potencial para ser útiles en la educación en salud y en la toma de decisiones en epidemiología, así como en la atención médica en general. No obstante, es esencial realizar estudios rigurosos para garantizar que estas aplicaciones sean efectivas, útiles, fáciles de usar y comprender. Conclusiones: EpiApp redujo el tiempo de respuesta en la resolución de problemas de epidemiología sin afectar el número de respuestas correctas. La usabilidad fue buena, aunque hay oportunidad de mejora en diversión, interés, adaptabilidad individual e interactividad. La efectividad y usabilidad de EpiApp requiere ser validada con estudios más rigurosos y en diferentes contextos.

Introduction: Mobile applications (Apps) are transforming learning perspectives in healthcare settings. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of EpiApp as a support tool in the consultation and resolution of epidemiology problems, compared to traditional methods (TM). Methodology: EpiApp was designed using a methodological structure. A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with two groups: EpiApp and TM. A standardized questionnaire and the MARS scale were used to evaluate effectiveness and usability, respectively. Results: A total of 176 students were randomized: EpiApp (n=88) and TM (n=88). Response time was shorter for EpiApp users (23.99 min [±SD 8.38] vs. 29.16 min [±SD 11.61], p=0.005). There were no differences in the number of correct responses (p=0.635) or the opportunity to pass the questionnaire (p=0.054). Usability was good (MARS>4). Discussion: Mobile Apps have great potential to be useful in healthcare education and decision-making in epidemiology, as well as in general medical care. However, it is essential to conduct rigorous studies to ensure that these applications are effective, useful, and easy to use and understand. Conclusions: EpiApp reduced response time in solving epidemiology problems without affecting the number of correct answers. The usability was good, although there is room for improvement in terms of enjoyment, interest, individual adaptability, and interactivity. The effectiveness and usability of EpiApp need to be validated through more rigorous studies in different contexts.

Comunicación interpersonal de médicos-docentes en las prácticas formativas de un pregrado de medicina

Introducción: La comunicación es una competencia esencial en los currículos médicos, y es fundamental en modelos de atención centrados en el paciente. Las prácticas clínicas, eje en la formación médica, son escenarios de interacciones docente-estudiantes-pacientes; en ellas, los estudiantes aprenden a comunicarse con el paciente de la mano de sus profesores. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender la comunicación de médicos-docentes en prácticas clínicas de un pregrado de medicina. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa desde el marco interpretativo del interaccionismo simbólico y el análisis bajo los lineamientos de la teoría fundamentada. Se entrevistaron quince médicos docentes de cursos clínicos. Las entrevistas se grabaron, transcribieron y codificaron por unidades de sentido. Resultados: Del análisis emergen diferentes visiones del estudiante e interés por los elementos comunicativos con este y el paciente y la reflexión de la práctica docente. Los docentes son conscientes del rol de modelaje para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes; consideran a los pacientes como seres vulnerables, generosos, agradecidos, que representan el recurso más valioso para la enseñanza; con ellos desarrollan su doble misión de resolver problemas de salud y enseñar. Conclusiones: Los docentes, en la interacción con los estudiantes y pacientes, transforman una práctica más instruccional y disciplinar a una centrada en los sujetos y sus necesidades. La regulación del currículo y la normativa de las instituciones de salud genera tensiones a los docentes entre el quehacer médico y el deseo de enseñar.

Introduction: Communication is an essential skill in medical curricula and crucial in patient-centered care models. Resident experience is fundamental in medical training. These experiences offer teacher-student-patient interactions where students learn about doctor-patient communication directly from their preceptors. The objective of the study was to understand doctor-teacher communication during clinical practices in an undergraduate medical program. Methodology: Qualitative research undertaken from the interpretive framework of Symbolic Interactionism andanalysis under Grounded Theory guidelines. Fifteen (15) clinical-course medical doctors were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by meaning units. Results: Different student views emerged, including student interest in student-patient communicative aspects as well as their own thoughts on teaching. Teachers are aware of their role as models in student learning; they see patients as vulnerable, generous, grateful people that represent the most valuable asset in their teaching endeavor; with them, teachers develop their dual mission, that is, solving health-related problems and teaching. Discussion and conclusions: During their interaction with students and patients, teachers transform an essentially instructional and disciplined practice into one centered on the patient and their needs. The stress doctors face when addressing the medical task itself versus their desire to teach is compounded by curriculum guidelines and health agency norms. This is, in fact, part of the hidden curriculum that influences student learning

Manejo del tiempo en estudiantes de medicina paraguayos / Time management in paraguayan medicine students

Introducción: la gestión eficiente del tiempo se erige como una competencia cardinal entre los estudiantes de Medicina. Esta destreza resulta imperativa, dado que les habilita para administrar sus agendas de forma eficaz, evitando así el estrés inherente a su formación y asegurando un desempeño exitoso, mejorando así el equilibrio entre sus compromisos académicos y personales al adoptar decisiones pertinentes, tales como la priorización efectiva de tareas y la prevención de situaciones de sobrecarga que puedan menoscabar su rendimiento. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo, de prevalencia y asociación cruzada, temporalmente prospectivo, realizado en estudiantes de Medicina de Paraguay, con el fin de determinar el manejo de su tiempo. Para medir el manejo del tiempo se usó la versión en español de la Time Management Behavior Questionnaire for University Students que es un instrumento autoadministrado que integra 34 ítems relacionados con la forma en que los estudiantes manejan su tiempo de aprendizaje y estudio. Resultados: la correlación entre las variables cuantitativas demostró relación entre edad y la subescala "establecimiento de objetivos y prioridades" (r= -0,208; p=0,038), siendo esta asociación indirecta y débil. En cuanto a diferencia de medias, se encontró relación entre sexo y la subescala "herramientas de gestión del tiempo" (t=-2,37; gl=98; p=0,020), observándose que los hombres (2,61 ± 0,89) tenían una media menor que las mujeres (3,04 ± 0,74). Conclusiones: el aspecto que obtuvo la puntuación más baja fue la preferencia hacia la desorganización. Esta característica, contrastada con la alta puntuación otorgada al establecimiento de metas y prioridades, señala una tendencia hacia un enfoque de aprendizaje estructurado y ordenado, procurando así evitar la carencia de planificación en las actividades.

Introduction: efficient time management is emerging as a core competency for medical students. Acquiring this skill enables them to effectively manage their agendas, thus avoiding the inherent stress in their training and ensuring successful performance. It also improves their ability to balance their academic and personal commitments by improving their decision-making skills, such as effective task prioritization and preventing task-overload situations that may undermine their performance. Methodology: this was a descriptive, observational study of prevalence and cross-association conducted in medical students in Paraguay to assess their time management skills. To measure time management, the Spanish version of the Time Management Behavior Questionnaire for University Students was used. This is a self-administered instrument that includes 34 items related to how students manage their learning and study time. Results: the correlation between quantitative variables showed a relationship between age and the "setting goals and priorities" subscale; (r= -0.208; p=0.038); this association was indirect and weak. In terms of mean differences, a relationship was found between sex and the "time management tools" subscale; (t=-2.37; gl=98; p=0.020), with men (2.61 ± 0.89) having a lower mean than women (3.04 ± 0.74). Conclusions: the aspect that scored the lowest was the tendency towards disorganization. This characteristic, in contrast to the high score seen in goal setting and prioritization, shows a tendency towards a structured and orderly approach to learning, thus avoiding a lack of planning in students' activities.

Autolesiones no suicidas en estudiantes de medicina: frecuencia y factores asociados / Non-suicidal Self-injury in Medical Students: Frequency and Associated Factors

Introducción: la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina ha sido ampliamente investigada, demostrando que forman parte de un grupo vulnerable al desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de NSSI y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay. Metodología: este fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se lanzó una encuesta online para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y autolesiones, se utilizaron las escalas PHQ-2, GAD-7 y SHQ, respectivamente. Resultados: recibimos respuestas de 330 estudiantes de medicina. De los participantes, el 71,2 % eran mujeres. Se identificó que el 46,4 % de los participantes padecía depresión (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) y el 37,3 % ansiedad (GAD-7 ≥10). La frecuencia de NSSI fue del 27 % (n = 89). Los principales factores asociados a NSSI fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental (que aumentó la probabilidad de NSSI en 3,76 veces) y/o una historia de abuso físico o sexual (con un aumento de 3,75 veces). Conclusión: esta investigación encontró la presencia de NSSI en casi 3 de cada 10 de los estudiantes de medicina encuestados. Los principales factores asociados con la conducta autolesiva fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental y/o antecedentes de abuso físico o sexual.

Introduction: the mental health of medical students has been extensively researched, showing that they are part of a group vulnerable to the development of mental disorders. Aim: the aim of this research was to determine the frequency of NSSI and its associated factors in medical students in Paraguay. Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. An online survey was launched to assess depression, anxiety, and self-harm, the PHQ-2, the GAD-7 and SHQ scales were used, respectively. Results: we received responses from 330 medical students. Of the participants, 71.2 % were female. 46.4% of the participants were identified as having depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and 37.3 % as having anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10). The frequency of NSSI was 27 % (n = 89). The main factors associated with NSSI were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (which increased the likelihood of NSSI by 3.76 times) and/ or a history of physical or sexual abuse (with a 3.75-fold increase). Conclusion: this research found the presence of NSSI in almost 3 out of 10 of the medical students surveyed. The main factors associated with self-injurious behavior were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder and/or a history of physical or sexual abuse.

Uso de técnicas de estudio basadas en evidencia científica en estudiantes de medicina, Perú

Introducción: El uso de técnicas de estudio basada en evidencias por parte de los estudiantes constituye un método fundamental para el aprendizaje. Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia del uso de técnicas de estudio basadas en evidencia en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad en el Perú. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal con 75 estudiantes de medicina humana de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú a través de una encuesta que recopilo las técnicas de estudio y otras variables, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: El (58,73 %) fueron varones, un (58,7 %), no utilizó técnicas de estudio basadas en evidencia, nivel socioeconómico familiar bajo-medio (33,3 %). El material de estudio más utilizado fueron libros (58,14 ), seguido de artículos científicos (24 %); el (45,3 %) dedicaba entre 4-6 horas al estudio y el (40 %) usaba la técnica "Active recall". Por su parte, el (53,3 %) disfrutaban del estudio "algunas veces", (70,7 %) aplazaban el momento de estudiar "algunas veces" y el (62,7 %) tenían dificultad para concentrarse "algunas veces". Además, encontramos que aquellos que estudiaron menos de 2 horas prefirieron videos educativos y los estudiantes que dedicaron 6-8 horas eligieron la lectura de libros, artículos científicos y diapositivas basadas en evidencias. Así mismo los que enfrentaron dificultades 'la mayoría del tiempo' tendieron a utilizar diapositivas en exceso, mientras que los que enfrentaron dificultades 'siempre' prefirieron videos educativos (p<0,05). Discusión: El empleo de técnicas de estudio fundamentadas en evidencias por parte de los estudiantes aún no prevalece de manera mayoritaria. Solo la mitad de los estudiantes mantiene una utilización activa en su desarrollo profesional, mientras que existe desconocimiento y un nivel bajo de implementación. El entendimiento de estas variables brindará la oportunidad de establecer charlas educativas dirigidas a los futuros profesionales.

Introduction: The use of evidence-based techniques by students is a fundamental method for learning. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of the use of evidence-based study techniques in medical students from a university in Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 75 students of human medicine from the National University of Central Peru through a survey that collected study techniques and other variables, selected by non-probabilistic sampling. Results: (58.73%) were male, one (58.7%), did not use evidence-based study techniques, low-medium family socioeconomic level (33.3%). The most used study material was books (58.14%), followed by scientific articles (24%); (45.3%) spent between 4-6 hours studying and (40%) used the "Active recall" technique. For their part, (53.3%) enjoyed studying "sometimes", (70.7%) postponed studying "sometimes" and (62.7%) had difficulty concentrating "sometimes". Furthermore, our findings indicate that those who studied for less than 2 hours preferred educational videos, while students who dedicated 6-8 hours chose to engage with reading books, scientific articles, and evidence-based slides. Similarly, those encountering difficulties 'most of the time' tended to overuse slides, whereas those facing difficulties 'always' favored educational videos (p<0.05). Discussion: The use of evidence-based techniques by human medicine students is still not the majority, only half maintain active use in their professional training, it is unknown or its implementation has a low level. Knowing these variables will make it possible to carry out schemes and educational talks in future professionals.

Maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022: encuesta multicéntrica

Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina son propensos a recibir maltratos de sus colegas, personal administrativo y pacientes. Objetivo: determinar las características del maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, de corte transversal. Se incluyó a estudiantes de medicina, de ambos sexos, que aceptaban participar de la encuesta telemática. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas. La percepción del maltrato fue evaluada según cuatro componentes (psicológico, físico, académico y sexual) utilizando el cuestionario de Munayco-Guillén F et al, previamente validado. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: el cuestionario fue contestado por 214 estudiantes, siendo 146 mujeres (edad media 24 ± 3 años) y 68 varones (edad media 25 ± 5 años). La mayoría reside en Asunción (29,4%) y asiste a universidades privadas (92%). La media ± DE del maltrato psicológico fue 1,89 ± 1,02, la del físico fue 1,64 ± 0,89, la del académico fue 2,01 ± 1,11 y la del sexual fue 1,4 ± 0,83. Aplicando puntos de corte en los percentiles 60 y 70, el maltrato fue leve en 126 estudiantes (58,9%), moderado en 24 (11,2%) y grave en 64 (29,9%). El motivo principal para no denunciarlo fue el miedo a ser señalado por los demás o recibir represalias (17,3%). Discusión: se detectó maltrato leve en 58,9%, moderado en 11,2% y grave en 29,9% de los estudiantes de medicina. Se requiere aplicar medidas de prevención y contención de los maltratos.

Introduction: medical students are prone to mistreatment from their colleagues, administrative staff, and patients. Objective: to determine the characteristics of the mistreatment of medical students in Paraguay in 2022. Method: an observational, cross-sectional design was applied. Medical students of both sexes who agreed to participate in the online survey were included. Sampling was for convenience. Demographic variables were measured. The perception of abuse was evaluated according to four components (psychological, physical, academic, and sexual) using the previously validated questionnaire by Munayco-Guillén F et al. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: the questionnaire was answered by 214 students, 146 being women (mean age 24 ± 3 years) and 68 men (mean age 25 ± 5 years). The majority reside in Asunción (29.4%) and attend private universities (92%). The mean ± SD of psychological abuse was 1.89 ± 1.02, physical abuse was 1.64 ± 0.89, academic abuse was 2.01 ± 1.11, and sexual abuse was 1.4 ± 0. 83. Applying cut-off points at the 60th and 70th percentiles, the abuse was mild in 126 students (58.9%), moderate in 24 (11.2%), and severe in 64 (29.9%). The main reason for not reporting it was fear of being singled out by others or receiving reprisals (17.3%). Discussion: mild abuse was detected in 58.9%, moderate in 11.2%, and severe in 29.9% of medical students. It is necessary to apply measures to prevent and contain abuse.

Manejo del tiempo en estudiantes de medicina paraguayos

Introducción: la gestión eficiente del tiempo se erige como una competencia cardinal entre los estudiantes de Medicina. Esta destreza resulta imperativa, dado que les habilita para administrar sus agendas de forma eficaz, evitando así el estrés inherente a su formación y asegurando un desempeño exitoso, mejorando así el equilibrio entre sus compromisos académicos y personales al adoptar decisiones pertinentes, tales como la priorización efectiva de tareas y la prevención de situaciones de sobrecarga que puedan menoscabar su rendimiento. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo, de prevalencia y asociación cruzada, temporalmente prospectivo, realizado en estudiantes de Medicina de Paraguay, con el fin de determinar el manejo de su tiempo. Para medir el manejo del tiempo se usó la versión en español de la Time Management Behavior Questionnaire for University Students que es un instrumento autoadministrado que integra 34 ítems relacionados con la forma en que los estudiantes manejan su tiempo de aprendizaje y estudio. Resultados: la correlación entre las variables cuantitativas demostró relación entre edad y la subescala "establecimiento de objetivos y prioridades" (r= -0,208; p=0,038), siendo esta asociación indirecta y débil. En cuanto a diferencia de medias, se encontró relación entre sexo y la subescala "herramientas de gestión del tiempo" (t=-2,37; gl=98; p=0,020), observándose que los hombres (2,61 ± 0,89) tenían una media menor que las mujeres (3,04 ± 0,74). Conclusiones: el aspecto que obtuvo la puntuación más baja fue la preferencia hacia la desorganización. Esta característica, contrastada con la alta puntuación otorgada al establecimiento de metas y prioridades, señala una tendencia hacia un enfoque de aprendizaje estructurado y ordenado, procurando así evitar la carencia de planificación en las actividades.

Introduction: efficient time management is emerging as a core competency for medical students. Acquiring this skill enables them to effectively manage their agendas, thus avoiding the inherent stress in their training and ensuring successful performance. It also improves their ability to balance their academic and personal commitments by improving their decision-making skills, such as effective task prioritization and preventing task-overload situations that may undermine their performance. Methodology: this was a descriptive, observational study of prevalence and cross-association conducted in medical students in Paraguay to assess their time management skills. To measure time management, the Spanish version of the Time Management Behavior Questionnaire for University Students was used. This is a self-administered instrument that includes 34 items related to how students manage their learning and study time. Results: the correlation between quantitative variables showed a relationship between age and the "setting goals and priorities" subscale; (r= -0.208; p=0.038); this association was indirect and weak. In terms of mean differences, a relationship was found between sex and the "time management tools" subscale; (t=-2.37; gl=98; p=0.020), with men (2.61 ± 0.89) having a lower mean than women (3.04 ± 0.74). Conclusions: the aspect that scored the lowest was the tendency towards disorganization. This characteristic, in contrast to the high score seen in goal setting and prioritization, shows a tendency towards a structured and orderly approach to learning, thus avoiding a lack of planning in students' activities.

Autolesiones no suicidas en estudiantes de medicina: frecuencia y factores asociados

Introducción: la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina ha sido ampliamente investigada, demostrando que forman parte de un grupo vulnerable al desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de NSSI y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay. Metodología: este fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se lanzó una encuesta online para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y autolesiones, se utilizaron las escalas PHQ-2, GAD-7 y SHQ, respectivamente. Resultados: recibimos respuestas de 330 estudiantes de medicina. De los participantes, el 71,2 % eran mujeres. Se identificó que el 46,4 % de los participantes padecía depresión (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) y el 37,3 % ansiedad (GAD-7 ≥10). La frecuencia de NSSI fue del 27 % (n = 89). Los principales factores asociados a NSSI fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental (que aumentó la probabilidad de NSSI en 3,76 veces) y/o una historia de abuso físico o sexual (con un aumento de 3,75 veces). Conclusión: esta investigación encontró la presencia de NSSI en casi 3 de cada 10 de los estudiantes de medicina encuestados. Los principales factores asociados con la conducta autolesiva fueron un diagnóstico previo de un trastorno mental y/o antecedentes de abuso físico o sexual.

Introduction: the mental health of medical students has been extensively researched, showing that they are part of a group vulnerable to the development of mental disorders. Aim: the aim of this research was to determine the frequency of NSSI and its associated factors in medical students in Paraguay. Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. An online survey was launched to assess depression, anxiety, and self-harm, the PHQ-2, the GAD-7 and SHQ scales were used, respectively. Results: we received responses from 330 medical students. Of the participants, 71.2 % were female. 46.4% of the participants were identified as having depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and 37.3 % as having anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10). The frequency of NSSI was 27 % (n = 89). The main factors associated with NSSI were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (which increased the likelihood of NSSI by 3.76 times) and/ or a history of physical or sexual abuse (with a 3.75-fold increase). Conclusion: this research found the presence of NSSI in almost 3 out of 10 of the medical students surveyed. The main factors associated with self-injurious behavior were a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder and/or a history of physical or sexual abuse.

Analysis of academic knowledge about the code of ethics for medicine students developed by the Federal Medicine Council of Brazil

In August 2018, the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), the body responsible for the supervision and standardization of medical professional practice in Brazil, published a national code of ethics for medical students (CEMS), which standardizes and suggests behaviors, based on the best moral and ethical values, for medical students, supporting the humanization of medicine and indirectly helping teachers and managers of medical courses. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dissemination and awareness of scientific publications on the Brazilian CEMS code, and consisted of an integrative literature review of all publications related to the Brazilian CEMS published from 2005 to the present. We found 4 studies related to regional and university codes of ethics for medical students published from 2005 to 2022, and regarding the CEMS elaborated by the FCM, we found a single study from its launch in 2018 to 2022. A CEMS has universal importance, facilitating the ethical and human development of future physicians, and despite its importance in the training of physicians, there is a lack of published research on the subject in Brazil.

En agosto de 2018, el Consejo Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgano responsable de la supervisión y normalización de la práctica profesional médica en Brasil, publicó un código nacional de ética para estudiantes de medicina (CEMS), que normaliza y sugiere conductas, basadas en los mejores valores morales y éticos, para los estudiantes de medicina, apoyando la humanización de la medicina y ayudando indirectamente a los profesores y gestores de los cursos de medicina. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la difusión y el conocimiento de las publicaciones científicas sobre el código de la CEMS brasileña, y consistió en una revisión bibliográfica integradora de todas las publicaciones relacionadas con la CEMS brasileña publicadas desde 2005 hasta la actualidad. Encontramos 4 estudios relacionados con códigos de ética regionales y universitarios para estudiantes de medicina publicados desde 2005 hasta 2022, y con respecto a los CEMS elaborados por la FCM, encontramos un único estudio desde su lanzamiento en 2018 hasta 2022. Un CEMS tiene importancia universal, facilitando el desarrollo ético y humano de los futuros médicos, y, a pesar de su importancia en la formación de los médicos, falta investigación publicada sobre el tema en Brasil.

Em agosto de 2018, o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgão responsável pela fiscalização e normatização do exercício profissional médico no Brasil, publicou um código nacional de ética do estudante de medicina (CEMS), que padroniza e sugere condutas, com base nos melhores valores morais e éticos, para os estudantes de medicina, apoiando a humanização da medicina e auxiliando indiretamente os professores e gestores dos cursos de medicina. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disseminação e a conscientização das publicações científicas sobre o código CEMS brasileiro, e consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura de todas as publicações relacionadas ao CEMS brasileiro publicadas de 2005 até o presente. Encontramos 4 estudos relacionados a códigos de ética regionais e universitários para estudantes de medicina publicados de 2005 a 2022 e, com relação ao CEMS elaborado pela FCM, encontramos um único estudo desde seu lançamento em 2018 até 2022. Um CEMS tem importância universal, facilitando o desenvolvimento ético e humano dos futuros médicos, e, apesar de sua importância na formação dos médicos, há uma carência de pesquisas publicadas sobre o assunto no Brasil.

Code of ethics for Brazilian medical students. A literature review

In August 2018, the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), the body responsible for the supervision and standardization of medical professional practice in Brazil, published a national code of ethics for medical students (CEMS), which standardizes and suggests behaviors, based on the best moral and ethical values, for medical students, supporting the humanization of medicine and indirectly helping teachers and managers of medical courses. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dissemination and awareness of scientific publications on the Brazilian CEMS code and consisted of an integrative literature review of all publications related to the Brazilian CEMS published from 2005 to the present. We found 4 studies related to regional and university codes of ethics for medical students published from 2005 to 2022, and regarding the CEMS elaborated by the FCM, we found a single study from its launch in 2018 to 2022. A CEMS has universal importance, facilitating the ethical and human development of future physicians, and despite its importance in the training of physicians, there is a lack of published research on the subject in Brazil.

En agosto de 2018, el Consejo Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgano responsable de la supervisión y normalización de la práctica profesional médica en Brasil, publicó un código nacional de ética para estudiantes de medicina (CEMS), que normaliza y sugiere conductas, basadas en los mejores valores morales y éticos, para los estudiantes de medicina, apoyando la humanización de la medicina y ayudando indirectamente a los profesores y gestores de los cursos de medicina. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la difusión y el conocimiento de las publicaciones científicas sobre el código de la CEMS brasileña, y consistió en una revisión bibliográfica integradora de las publicaciones relacionadas con la CEMS brasileña publicadas desde 2005 hasta la actualidad. Encontramos 4 estudios relacionados con códigos de ética regionales y universitarios para estudiantes de medicina publicados desde 2005 hasta 2022, y, respecto de los CEMS elaborados por la FCM, encontramos un único estudio desde su lanzamiento en 2018 hasta 2022. Un CEMS tiene importancia universal, facilitando el desarrollo ético y humano de los futuros médicos, y, a pesar de su importancia en la formación de los médicos, falta investigación publicada sobre el tema en Brasil.

Em agosto de 2018, o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgão responsável pela fiscalização e normatização do exercício profissional médico no Brasil, publicou um código nacional de ética do estudante de medicina (CEMS), que padroniza e sugere condutas, com base nos melhores valores morais e éticos, para os estudantes de medicina, apoiando a humanização da medicina e auxiliando indiretamente os professores e gestores dos cursos de medicina. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disseminação e a conscientização das publicações científicas sobre o código CEMS brasileiro, e consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura de todas as publicações relacionadas ao CEMS brasileiro publicadas de 2005 até o presente. Encontramos 4 estudos relacionados a códigos de ética regionais e universitários para estudantes de medicina publicados de 2005 a 2022 e, com relação ao CEMS elaborado pela FCM, encontramos um único estudo desde seu lançamento em 2018 até 2022. Um CEMS tem importância universal, facilitando o desenvolvimento ético e humano dos futuros médicos, e, apesar de sua importância na formação dos médicos, há uma carência de pesquisas publicadas sobre o assunto no Brasil.

Factors associated with mental health in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre quantitative study

Objective: To assess the mental health status and associated factors of Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Descriptive, multicentre, correlational study that used the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)", the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)" and the "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)" questionnaires to evaluate mental health problems. Results: A total of 1,238 students from 8 Peruvian medical schools participated in the study. Of these, 68.5% were women, and the mean age was 21.4 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 74% of the participants, anxiety symptoms in 57% and distress symptoms in 65%. The variables associated with the development of symptoms of moderate-severe depression, anxiety and distress were: not having family economic stability, being in the first years of medical training, being female, and fearing that their medical training would be delayed and impaired. Conclusions: In a sample of medical students surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems were common. The factors associated with mental health reported in this study could be useful in identifying vulnerable medical students who require timely psychosocial support and/or psychiatric care.

Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de salud mental y sus factores asociados en una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina peruanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo, multicéntrico y correlacional que utilizó las escalas Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) e Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) para evaluar los problemas de salud mental. Resultados: Participaron en total 1.238 estudiantes de 8 facultades de Medicina de Perú. El 68,5% eran mujeres y la media de edad, 21,4 anos. Se encontraron síntomas depresivos en el 74% de los participantes, síntomas de ansiedad en el 57% y síntomas de malestar en el 65%. Las variables asociadas con la aparición de síntomas depresivos moderados-graves, ansiedad y malestar fueron no tener estabilidad económica familiar, estar en los primeros an os de formación médica, ser mujer y sentir el temor de que su formación médica se retrase y se deteriore. Conclusiones: En una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina encuestados durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los problemas de salud mental fueron comunes. Los factores asociados con la salud mental reportados en este estudio podrían ser útiles para identificar a los estudiantes de Medicina vulnerables que requieran apoyo psicosocial y/o atención psiquiátrica oportuna.

Factors related to academic performance in medical students / Factores relacionados con el desempeño académico en estudiantes de medicina

Abstract Introduction Academic performance in medical students can be influenced by several factors, including those related to mental health and family relationships. Objective To examine the factors affecting academic performance in medical students, specifically considering potential diagnoses of depression. Method A survey was conducted among 747 fourth-year medical students. The survey included questions on sociodemographic variables, mental health, and well-being. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was utilized, encompassing sections on depression, anxiety, panic, eating habits, alcohol consumption, and the Stress Perception Scale. Academic performance was assessed based on students' Grade Point Average (GPA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a linear regression model were employed for data analysis. Results The study revealed several variables significantly associated with GPA. Age (r = -.388), financial situation (r = .241), relationships with cohabitants (r = .165), and relationships with peers (r = .217) were found to have a correlation with academic performance. Additionally, repeating a course was found to be significantly associated with a person's GPA (r = .518) even after controlling for depression. Discussion and conclusion The findings indicate that robust mental health, a favorable financial situation, and positive interpersonal relationships are crucial for achieving optimal academic performance in medical students. These results emphasize the need to address mental health concerns, promote a supportive social environment, and provide financial assistance to enhance the educational outcomes of medical students.

Resumen Introducción El desempeño académico de los estudiantes de medicina puede verse influenciado por varios factores, entre ellos los relacionados con la salud mental y las relaciones familiares. Objetivo Examinar los factores que afectan el desempeño académico en estudiantes de medicina, considerando específicamente los posibles diagnósticos de depresión. Método Se realizó una encuesta entre 747 estudiantes de cuarto año de la carrera de medicina. La encuesta incluyó preguntas sobre variables sociodemográficas, salud mental y bienestar. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ), que comprende secciones sobre depresión, ansiedad, pánico, hábitos alimentarios, consumo de alcohol y la Escala de Percepción del Estrés. El desempeño académico se evaluó con base en el promedio de calificaciones (GPA) de los estudiantes. Se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas, coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y un modelo de regresión lineal para el análisis de datos. Resultados El estudio reveló varias variables significativamente asociadas con el GPA. Se encontró que la edad (r = -.388), la situación financiera (r = .241), las relaciones con los convivientes (r = .165) y las relaciones con los compañeros (r = .217) tenían correlación con el rendimiento académico. Además, se encontró que repetir un curso estaba significativamente asociado con el GPA de una persona (r = .518) incluso después de controlar la depresión. Discusión y conclusión Los hallazgos indican que una salud mental sólida, una situación financiera favorable y relaciones interpersonales positivas son cruciales para lograr un desempeño académico óptimo en los estudiantes de medicina. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de abordar los problemas de salud mental, promover un entorno social de apoyo y brindar asistencia financiera para mejorar los resultados educativos de los estudiantes de medicina.

Medical Students Training and Mental Health: An Exploratory Study

Introduction: Medical students are vulnerable to psychological distress and face a number of stressors such as academic pressures, economic concerns, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. The quality of their educational training may also impact their mental health and subjective well-being. Objective: to describe their perception of subjective well-being and the impact of medical training on their own mental health. Methods: We surveyed 119 medical students and administered the "Perception survey on vocation, living and recreational habits, training and professional attitudes," the CAGE questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Results: Students' mean age was 22.5±2.28 years old and 59.7 % of participants were women, their lifestyle habits were scored as acceptable, and the employment of cell-phones and social networks ranged 76-99%; 24.1 % recognized a problematic alcohol, 67.2 % reported anxiety according to the GAD-7, and 49.6 % depression according to PHQ-2. Symptoms of anxiety were frequent among females and were higher when the perceived quality of training and student/teacher ratio were lower. Discussion: Students' perceptions of lower quality of training and resources seemed to be associated with higher levels of anxiety, which may suggest that educational policies and resources should be carefully revised and implemented to improve students' health and well-being.

Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina son vulnerables al malestar psicológico y se enfrentan a una serie de factores estresantes como las presiones académicas, las preocupaciones económicas y las dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales. La calidad de su formación educativa también puede influir en su salud mental y bienestar subjetivo. Objetivo: describir su percepción de bienestar subjetivo y el impacto de la formación médica en su propia salud mental. Metodología: se encuestó a 119 estudiantes de medicina y se les administró la "Encuesta de percepción sobre vocación, hábitos de vida y recreación, formación y actitudes profesionales", el cuestionario CAGE, el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada-7 (TAG-7) y el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-2 (PHQ-2). Resultados: la edad media de los estudiantes fue de 22,5±2,28 años y el 59,7 % de los participantes eran mujeres; sus hábitos de vida se calificaron como aceptables, y el empleo de teléfonos móviles y redes sociales osciló entre el 76 y el 99 %; el 24,1 % reconoció un consumo problemático de alcohol, el 67,2 % manifestó ansiedad según el TAG-7, y el 49,6 % depresión según el PHQ-2. Los síntomas de ansiedad eran frecuentes entre las mujeres y eran mayores cuando la calidad percibida de la formación y la proporción alumnos/profesor eran menores. Discusión: la percepción por parte de los estudiantes de una menor calidad de la formación y de los recursos parecía estar asociada a mayores niveles de ansiedad, lo que puede sugerir que las políticas y los recursos educativos deberían revisarse y aplicarse cuidadosamente para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los estudiantes.

Frecuencia de la sintomatología del síndrome de ovario poliquístico y el síndrome premenstrual, relacionado con el estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina de una Universidad Privada del Perú

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico y el síndrome premenstrual son prevalentes. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de la sintomatología del síndrome de ovario poliquístico y del síndrome pre menstrual y su relación con el estrés en estudiantes de medicina. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal. La población de estudio fue de 322 estudiantes de medicina del primer al sexto año, elegidas por conveniencia de una universidad privada de Trujillo. Mediante un formulario de google se aplicó el cuestionario "SPM", "el inventario SISCO del Estrés académico", y "el cuestionario sobre ovario poliquístico"; previo conocimiento informado, tuvo la aprobación del Comité de Bioética de la universidad. Resultados: El SOP presentó una probabilidad alta de 5,28%, media de 46,58% y baja de 48,13%. La frecuencia del SPM en los niveles, leve, moderado y alto fueron de 47,52%, 25,47% y 4,04% respectivamente. Los niveles de estrés fueron: leve, moderado y profundo de 4,35%, 65,22% y 30,43%, respectivamente. Se encontró asociación altamente significativa entre el estrés y SPM; estrés y SOP; p= 0,000915106 y p= 1.8589E-25 respectivamente. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de SPM, la probabilidad alta de SOP y los niveles de estrés fueron altos y existe asociación significativa entre el estrés, SPM y SOP.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome and premenstrual syndrome are prevalent. Objective: to determine the frequency of the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome and premenstrual syndrome and its relationship with stress in medical students. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. The study population was 322 medical students from the first to the sixth year, chosen for convenience from a private university in Trujillo. Using a google form, the "SPM" questionnaire, "the SISCO inventory of academic stress", and "the polycystic ovary questionnaire" were applied; prior informed knowledge, it had the approval of the Bioethics Committee of the university. Results: The SOP presented a high probability of 5.28%, a medium of 46.58% and a low of 48.13%.The frequency of PMS at the levels, mild, moderate and high were 47.52%, 25.47% and 4 04% respectively.The levels of stress were: mild, moderate and deep of 4.35%, 65.22% and 30.43%, respectively.A highly significant association was found between stress and SPM, stress and PCOS, p = 0.000915106 and p= 1.8589E-25 respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of PMS, the high probability of SOP and the stress levels were high and there is a significant association between stress, SPM and SOP.

Assessment of Educational Environment of Newly Established Medical College by UG Medical Students: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: Educational environment always play a crucial role in the development of students as well as faculty of any institution. In India, there is a continuous increase in the number of medical colleges and the number of MBBS seats, but the quality of education with quantity is questionable. To answer this question, the present study was planned to know the educational environment in a new Medical Institution that ejected its alumni in 2018. Aim: To analyze the educational environment of a newly established Medical College in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional which took six months to complete. This study used the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, open-ended questions and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted on MBBS students in Government Medical College, Azamgarh, UP. Results: The batch-wise Global DREEM scores were 169.08 (alumni), 156.23 (interns), 168.76 (2015), 164.16 (2016), 176.23 (2017), 176.94 (2018). This demonstrates that the educational environment is satisfactory in all domains and comes under the 3rd category of the educational environment index. The FGDs showed a positive response in all batches but with high variability in scores, which indicates lack of standardization in Medical Education. The open-ended questions’ responses revealed many merits and demerits about five domains. Conclusion: The variability of DREEM score, FGDs and open ended questions denotes the lack of standardization in the Medical Education system and the scores of the Education Environment Index (all domains) must move from category III (satisfactory) to category IV (excellence).

Assessment of mental health status in male and female medical students of 1st-year MBBS

Background: There is an increase in mental health issues throughout the globe. The major age group that was affected is young adults. Although from the outside, it appears that college life is very happy and enjoyable. However, the actual scenario is different. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the mental health status of male and female medical students in the 1st year. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 male and female young adults, studying 1st-year MBBS, were part of the study after obtaining informed consent. Standard questionnaires were used to assess the mental health of the students. Results: Out of 150 students, 140 students responded to the study. Anxiety scores were significantly higher in females when compared to males (P < 0.05). Insomnia was significantly higher in females when compared to males (P < 0.01). Eating disorder scores were higher in females when compared to males (P < 0.0001). Depression, anxiety, and stress scores were significantly higher in females when compared with males. Distress was significantly higher in females when compared to males (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study results explain that female students’ mental health was in borderline and there is a strong need to counsel them and train them with coping methods. The study highlights a strong need for the future studies.